A civil war is defined as an armed conflict between two organized groups within the same country or nation state. Civil wars have been going on since Roman times (between 100 BC and AD 400). They are fought today, as in the Middle East. The domestic conflict that springs to the minds of most western people is the American War Between the States that began in 1861 and ended in 1865. The union flag civil war, under which the northern states fought, changed twice during the conflict. The Confederates adopted three different standards, plus others with minor alterations.
The northern states, the Union, were composed of 20 free states in the north, midwest and west coast of America. There were four slave states on the north-south border that did not secede with the others in the south. These were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. A fifth slave state, West Virginia, deserted the Confederacy and rejoined the Union and became a free state.
Eleven slave states in the south seceded from the Union. These were Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas.
The first version of the confederate flag was the 'Stars and Bars.' It was designed by the same woman who designed the confederate uniform, an Alabama artist named Nicola Marschall. Hoisted for the first time in 1961, the Stars and Bars was flown in anger six weeks later when the southern army fired on Fort Sumter, a Union military installation, in the State of South Carolina.
The stars and bars had three horizontal bands, two red and one white. In the left-hand corner was a blue square with seven stars, one for each state in the confederacy at that time. There were four versions of the Stars and Bars, with 7, 9, 11 and finally 13 stars.
The next southern flag was called the Stainless Banner. Apart from a red field on the top left-hand side, this flag bore a large expanse of white for 'purity.' The red square bore two diagonal crossing stripes bearing five-pointed stars called mullets. There was one star for each state in the confederacy. Military chiefs disdained this version of the banner because there was a high risk of it being mistaken for a white flag of surrender. This flag was flown between May 1863 and March 1865.
The third confederate flag was nicknamed 'Blood Stained Banner'. Proposed by Major Arthur L. Rogers, it bore a broad red stripe on the outer short edge, thus ensuring that it could never be mistaken for a white flag of truce. The Battle Flag of the confederate navy was a red square based on the one in the second and third versions. A rectangular version of this was adopted by the confederate army.
By comparison, the union flag civil war had a more sedate evolution. The initial version bore 33 stars on a blue field in the upper left corner. There were 13 white and red stripes representing each of the 13 original colonies. The flag carried 33 stars because President Lincoln did not consider the secession of the southern states to be legitimate. There were two subsequent versions of the union flag, with different numbers and arrangements of stars as new states were added.
The northern states, the Union, were composed of 20 free states in the north, midwest and west coast of America. There were four slave states on the north-south border that did not secede with the others in the south. These were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. A fifth slave state, West Virginia, deserted the Confederacy and rejoined the Union and became a free state.
Eleven slave states in the south seceded from the Union. These were Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas.
The first version of the confederate flag was the 'Stars and Bars.' It was designed by the same woman who designed the confederate uniform, an Alabama artist named Nicola Marschall. Hoisted for the first time in 1961, the Stars and Bars was flown in anger six weeks later when the southern army fired on Fort Sumter, a Union military installation, in the State of South Carolina.
The stars and bars had three horizontal bands, two red and one white. In the left-hand corner was a blue square with seven stars, one for each state in the confederacy at that time. There were four versions of the Stars and Bars, with 7, 9, 11 and finally 13 stars.
The next southern flag was called the Stainless Banner. Apart from a red field on the top left-hand side, this flag bore a large expanse of white for 'purity.' The red square bore two diagonal crossing stripes bearing five-pointed stars called mullets. There was one star for each state in the confederacy. Military chiefs disdained this version of the banner because there was a high risk of it being mistaken for a white flag of surrender. This flag was flown between May 1863 and March 1865.
The third confederate flag was nicknamed 'Blood Stained Banner'. Proposed by Major Arthur L. Rogers, it bore a broad red stripe on the outer short edge, thus ensuring that it could never be mistaken for a white flag of truce. The Battle Flag of the confederate navy was a red square based on the one in the second and third versions. A rectangular version of this was adopted by the confederate army.
By comparison, the union flag civil war had a more sedate evolution. The initial version bore 33 stars on a blue field in the upper left corner. There were 13 white and red stripes representing each of the 13 original colonies. The flag carried 33 stars because President Lincoln did not consider the secession of the southern states to be legitimate. There were two subsequent versions of the union flag, with different numbers and arrangements of stars as new states were added.
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